Characteristic variation of soil resistivity using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in a tropical zone: A case study of IGEM city, Alakia–Adegbayi, Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the characteristic variation of soil resistivity in a tropical environment using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. The study focuses on IGEM City, Alakia–Adegbayi, Ibadan. Electrical resistivity methods are widely used in groundwater exploration, engineering site characterization, and environmental investi gations. The work discusses the geological setting, theoretical background, field procedures, interpretation tech niques, and implications for groundwater development and foundation design. The results indicate that variations in resistivity are controlled by lithology, moisture content, porosity, clay content, and weathering intensity. Thick weathered and fractured zones constitute potential aquifer units while highly resistive basement rocks represent competent engineering materials. This investigates the variation of soil resistivity in a tropical environment using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. The study focuses on IGEM City, Alakia–Adegbayi, Ibadan. Electrical resistivity methods are widely used in groundwater exploration, engineering site characterization, and environmen tal investigations. The work discusses the geological setting, theoretical background, field procedures, interpreta tion techniques, and implications for groundwater development and foundation design. The results indicate that variations in resistivity are controlled by lithology, moisture content, porosity, clay content, and weathering intensi ty. Thick weathered and fractured zones constitute potential aquifer units while highly resistive basement rocks represent competent engineering materials.