Microbiological Quality Assessment of Retail Powdered Milk in Kontagora Markets, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed the microbiological quality of powdered milk sold in Kontagora markets, Niger State, Nigeria. Twelve powdered milk samples comprising both branded sachet products and bulk (locally measured) milk were analyzed for bacterial and fungal contamination using standard microbiological techniques. The results revealed mean bacterial counts of approximately 2 × 10⁶ CFU/ml in sachet milk samples, while fungal counts ranged from 1 × 10⁶ CFU/ml in sachet products to 3 × 10⁶ CFU/ml in bulk samples. The Identified bacterial isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while fungal isolates included Aspergillus niger and Torulopsis species. Notably, coliform bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella species were not detected. The presence of opportunistic pathogens indicates potential health risks associated with poor handling and storage conditions. Comparative analysis with recent studies shows similar contamination patterns in developing markets, emphasizing the need for stricter quality control. The study recommends improved hygiene practices, regulatory monitoring, and public awareness to ensure consumer safety.