The Convergence of Vet and Adult Education: A Systematic Review of Principles, Challenges, and Strategies for Lifelong Learning

Abstract

This systematic review investigates the intersection of vocational and adult education, focusing on how the integration of adult learning principles can redefine vocational training to enhance lifelong learning and employability. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the study synthesizes literature to identify key objectives, relevant principles, persistent challenges, and strategic pathways for reform. The findings suggest that shifting from a narrow, job-specific focus to a broader, learner-centered approach incorporating andragogy and heutagogy is essential for meeting modern labor market demands. The review concludes that redefining vocational education is a critical driver for sustainable economic and social development, particularly in emerging economies, and proposes a detailed set of policy, pedagogical, and financial recommendations for implementation.