Artificial Intelligence-Driven Digital Transformation of STEM Education: A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics Education in Nigeria

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technologies is transforming educational practices and creating new possibilities for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. This paper examines the potential of AI-driven digital transformation for integrating Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics education in Nigeria. A conceptual position-paper approach was adopted, drawing on relevant empirical and conceptual studies on AI applications in STEM education, with particular emphasis on Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. The paper is theoretically anchored on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), Constructivist Learning Theory and Connectivism. The reviewed literature indicates that AI and digital technologies can support personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, digital simulation, virtual experimentation, mathematical modelling, automated feedback, scientific inquiry and interdisciplinary problem-solving. Evidence from Nigerian and African studies further indicates that AI adoption is increasing, although it’s educational application remains constrained by inadequate infrastructure, limited teacher competence, unequal access to technology, ethical concerns, academic integrity and the reliability of AI-generated information. The paper argues that AI should not replace teachers or conventional practical experiences but should complement them through purposeful pedagogical integration. Accordingly, a conceptual framework is proposed that connects AI and digital technologies with AI enhanced pedagogy, the integration of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, interdisciplinary STEM learning, STEM competencies, innovation and sustainable development. The paper concludes that a human-centered, interdisciplinary and context-sensitive approach to AI integration can strengthen STEM education and better prepare Nigerian learners for the demands of the digital economy.